Search This Blog

Tuesday, June 11, 2013

"Holy Bible, Book Divine, Precious Treasure, Thou Art Mine"

"It was in every hand; men struggled to procure it, read it eagerly, and would even kiss it. The words it contained enlightened every heart." - J. H. Merle D'Aubigne on the effect of Erasmus' New Testament in England


I decided to count the Bibles in our house today. It wasn't easy because we have so many. Some of them are tucked away on bookshelves. At least one is in a box in the garage. I finally counted twenty complete Bibles: eighteen in English, one in Spanish, and one in German and English. I didn't even try to count the New Testaments. I still have the little red New Testament the Gideons gave me in the fifth grade. Some of the kids have keepsake New Testaments from the church. We also have the New Testament in Greek, but it's hard to say how many other copies are lying around in nightstand drawers or packed in boxes under beds. And these are just the physical copies of the Scriptures we have in our possession. I'm not counting electronic versions or those available via the internet.

In his history of the Reformation, J. H. Merle D'Aubigne writes of Englishmen struggling to obtain a copy of a New Testament that wasn't even written in English. It was a Latin and Greek polyglot translation. Yet even this was so precious that they read it eagerly and kissed it.

And today we keep old Bibles in the garage. Is the Bible less of a treasure than it was five hundred years ago, or have we grown so accustomed to owning the Scriptures that we no longer appreciate their worth? Do we put off reading the Scriptures today because we know that our Bibles will still be there tomorrow and the next day?

D'Aubigne says the words of the Bible "enlightened every heart." There's very little spiritual growth and enlightenment in the Church today. Have the Scriptures lost their power? Or is this just the telltale sign of neglected Bibles?

Monday, June 10, 2013

Natural and Unalienable Rights?

In my previous post, I mentioned The Young American, or, Book of Government and Law by Samuel Griswald Goodrich (1844). I'm still not finished with the book, but what I have read has kindled a few thoughts on "natural rights."

Goodrich, like Jefferson and Locke, believed in the law of nature, or the ability of man to derive moral values through  reason alone. Goodrich teaches that "savage" societies follow natural law. Natural rights descend from this natural law.

Romans 2:14-16 appears to support the idea of natural law:
For when Gentiles, who do not have the law, by nature do what the law requires, they are a law to themselves, even though they do not have the law. 15 They show that the work of the law is written on their hearts, while their conscience also bears witness, and their conflicting thoughts accuse or even excuse them 16 on that day when, according to my gospel, God judges the secrets of men by Christ Jesus. [ESV]
However,  I believe it would be a mistake to assume that men arrive at a "law written in their hearts" through nothing but human reason. Consider Romans 1:18-21, which say:
For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who by their unrighteousness suppress the truth. 19 For what can be known about God is plain to them, because God has shown it to them. 20 For his invisible attributes, namely, his eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly perceived, ever since the creation of the world, in the things that have been made. So they are without excuse. 21 For although they knew God, they did not honor him as God or give thanks to him, but they became futile in their thinking, and their foolish hearts were darkened.
Clearly, verse 19 teaches that God has revealed something about Himself to every man. This revelation is not sufficient for salvation, but it is enough to make every man "without excuse" before God. This is the real law of nature - that God has revealed His divinity, power, and character to all societies, and they have suppressed this truth in unrighteousness.

Natural law gives rise to the concept of "natural rights." Jefferson called these "unalienable" rights in the Declaration of Independence. It is significant that the Bible doesn't speak in terms of "rights," i.e. that which is due to someone by just claim. (Some modern translations use the word "rights," but the underlying Hebrew or Greek words do not connote the meaning we presently ascribe to the word.) The Bible does speak of responsibility, duty, and accountability. So for example, while the Bible does protect life, it does not speak of the "right to life." Instead, it gives all men the responsibility to protect life - "Thou shalt not kill." The Bible does not speak of the right to own property, but it protects ownership by giving all men the responsibility to respect the property of others - "Thou shalt not steal."

The distinction between the "rights" of Enlightenment philosophy and the responsibilities of the Bible is critical. With the former, man is preeminent and God is all but absent. Essentially, the world owes me MY rights. With the latter, God is preeminent, and every man is accountable to God. I must protect the life of my neighbor and respect his property because God says so.

Although Jefferson gives a nod to God as the Creator, the Declaration of Independence does not acknowledge any responsibility or accountability to God. It merely speaks of "unalienable rights," putting man and his happiness at the center of all things. We should not be surprised then that there has been a proliferation of rights. Every special interest group now demands its "rights," and often these so-called rights are in direct conflict with God's Word.

The point of this post is that even when we use "Christian" books for homeschooling, we should read them through the lens of the Scriptures.

Wednesday, June 5, 2013

Homeschooling with Free E-Books

It would be difficult to overstate the impact of the moveable-type press on the Medieval world, and I think the same can be said of the internet and digital media in our day. Billions of pages of information can be accessed in mere seconds. It is truly amazing!

Electronic books are just a small part of the digital world, but their potential influence exceeds that of any social media outlet. Books contain ideas, and ideas change cultures.

I have only recently begun to see the homeschooling benefits of free electronic books. The copyright on a book expires after 75 years. Then that book becomes part of the public domain, and it may be digitized and made available to everyone for free. This means that old textbooks, written during an era when Christianity was the prevailing worldview in the West, are in the public domain. I already knew this, of course, as we have used reprints like Charles Coffin's The Story of Liberty (1875) in our homeschool. The advantage of digitized books, however, is that they are FREE!

As I have been putting together curriculum for next year, I have found some great old textbooks online. I access them on my Nexus 7 tablet through Google Play, but they are also available at Google Books. Some books are also available at The Gutenberg Project, The Baldwin Project, and Internet Archive.

So what have I found? For my soon-to-be-first-grader, A First Book in American History by Edward Eggleston. Eggleston helpfully includes both vocabulary and narration exercises at the end of each chapter. Because the book was last updated in 1917, I'll have to fill in the more recent events. We also plan to use New Language Exercises for Primary Schools by C. C. Long (1889). This delightful introductory grammar book is based on the premise that "the child learns by example and practice: not by rules or theory." It is divided into first grade and second grade sections. Home Geography for the Primary Grades, also by C. C. Long, introduces young students to the rudiments of geography (and science). The lessons are written in a conversational tone and include many questions for the student to answer. Poems That Every Child Should Know by Mary Elizabeth Burt (1904) is a multi-level book that begins with simple nursery rhymes and progressively becomes more difficult, ending with poems by Shakespeare, Keats, and Whitman.

The older kids will be using A Practical and Critical Grammar of the English Language by Noble Butler (1874). One of the things I love about these older textbooks is that they begin by introducing students to the first principles and vocabulary of the subject. Examples are taken from the Bible and other classical works of literature. We will also be using Composition-Rhetoric by Stratton Duluth Brooks and Marietta Hubbard (1905). My favorite textbook find thus far has been The Young American, or, Book of Government and Law by Samuel Griswald Goodrich (1844). I haven't finished reading it yet, but I can already see that Goodrich teaches the biblical principles of government as I have learned them from the Foundation for American Christian Education. I am also looking at a couple of geography texts by Matthew Fontaine Maury.

I won't attempt to cover literature in this post as the number of novels, historical fictions, and biographies available digitally is overwhelming.

I do want to offer a word of caution for anyone considering using old textbooks. Though these books generally present a Christian worldview (and often do it better than texts from modern-day "Christian" publishers), you may encounter some out-dated ideas concerning "races." I put that word in quotes, because there is really only one race - the human race. You should just be aware that writers of the past were products of their culture, and they were less enlightened on this subject than we are today.

Finally, you don't need an expensive tablet to use digitized books. I am looking for a couple of used Nook Simple Touch e-readers so that we will have enough reading devices for school. You can also download Calibre or another similar e-reading software (free, of course!) to use your laptop or computer as an e-reader. (Note: Kindles use a proprietary operating system that does not read some file formats. I think there is a work around, but I wouldn't recommend buying a Kindle if you plan on using a lot of old books.)

Saturday, February 25, 2012

How Many Angels Can Dance on the Head of a Pin?

The expression "How many angels can dance on the head of a pin?" is a metaphor for engaging in meaningless debates, especially debates about theology. Supposedly, Catholic schoolmen of the Middle Ages debated such nonsense, though I'm not sure that has been proven. There's an element within the church today who believe that any debate over doctrine is meaningless and divisive. They have no tolerance for controversy and wonder why folks with divergent opinions cannot just agree to disagree.

I would suggest, however, that debate is both Biblical and essential to a healthy church. It is through challenge and debate that heresies are exposed. Just as Paul withstood Peter when Peter was in error (Galatians 2), men of God throughout the ages have battled error with voice and pen. What false doctrines would have prevailed if these men had just "agreed to disagree"?

A Denial of Jesus' Humanity

Gnosticism was one of the earliest heresies to plague the church. The Gnostics believed that the material world was evil, having been created not by God, but by a fallen angel. They taught that the souls of men were trapped in their human bodies awaiting a messenger with divine knowledge to release them. For Christian Gnostics, that divine messenger was Jesus Christ. Since the body is evil, reasoned the Gnostics, Jesus could not have possessed a real human body. He only appeared to have a human form. Thus Gnosticism denied the humanity of Jesus Christ. The great apologists of the early church - Irenaeus, Clement of Alexandria, Tertullian, Origen - defended the orthodox faith against the Gnostics.

A Denial of Jesus' Divinity

Early in the fourth century, Arius argued that Jesus was not co-eternal with God the Father. His position, known as Arianism, taught that Jesus was created by God prior to God's creating the world. Thus Arianism denied the divinity of Jesus Christ. The question of Jesus' divinity was debated at the Council of Nicea in 325 AD. Eusebius of Nicomedia represented the Arian position, and Alexander of Alexandria opposed him. Initially, the majority of the bishops at the council had little interest in the issue beyond a concern that it would divide the church. But after listening to Eusebius's apology for Arianism, they declared it a heresy. The Nicene Creed was written specifically to address the divinity of Christ. Arianism lingered in the church long after the Nicene Council, however, and Alexander's successor, Athanasius, continued to speak and write against it.

A Denial of Original Sin

Almost 100 years later, the Council of Carthage denounced the teachings of Pelagius as heresy. Pelagius denied original sin. He taught that man is born good and chooses to sin. Therefore, man can again choose to obey the Law without divine aid. Augustine of Hippo strenuously opposed the teachings of Pelagius.

A Denial of the Finished Work of Christ and the Humanity of Christ

Transubstantiation, the Roman Catholic teaching that the real presence of Christ is in the bread and the wine, "strikes at the very heart of the Gospel" (J.C. Ryle, Five English Reformers). Jesus cried, "It is finished" on the cross. But if Christ is crucified again and again each time Mass is performed and the sacraments administered, then His work was not finished at the cross. Furthermore, if Jesus' body is truly present in the bread and the wine, then his body was not fully human. The Reformers preached against and wrote against the doctrine of transubstantiation, and for their refusal to affirm this false doctrine, many of them were burned. John Hooper, Rowland Taylor, Hugh Latimer, John Bradford, and Nicholas Ridley went to the stake for refuting transubstantiation.

A Denial of the Inerrancy and Plenary Inspiration of the Scriptures

"Shall the Fundamentalists win?" asked Harry Emerson Fosdick in 1922.

"They insist that we must all believe in the historicity of certain special miracles, preeminently the virgin birth of our Lord; that we must believe in a special theory of inspiration—that the original documents of the Scripture, which of course we no longer possess, were inerrantly dictated to men a good deal as a man might dictate to a stenographer; that we must believe in a special theory of the Atonement—that the blood of our Lord, shed in a substitutionary death, placates an alienated Deity and makes possible welcome for the returning sinner; and that we must believe in the second coming of our Lord upon the clouds of heaven to set up a millennium here, as the only way in which God can bring history to a worthy denouement." 

Fosdick represented the liberal theology that had permeated the mainline denominations and their seminaries in the early 1900's. Of the men who opposed liberalism, perhaps none was so dedicated as J. Gresham Machen, who devoted his life to teaching and defending the Scriptures and to opposing liberal theology. Machen's life was marked by controversies - controversies with high-profile professors and pastors, controversies in the seminary, and controversies in the church.

There's no shortage of controversy in Christianity today, and much of it is debated online where high profile pastor/teacher/authors are critiqued and challenged by bloggers. Is this healthy for the church, or is it mean-spirited and divisive? Are the bloggers merely debating how many angels can dance on the head of a pin? I think not.

Shortly before he was burned at Gloucester, Bishop Hooper wrote:

But now is the time of trial, to see whether we fear more God or man. It was an easy thing to hold with Christ while the Prince and the world held with Him; but now the world hateth Him, is the true trial who be His. Wherefore, in the name and in the virtue, strength, and power of His Holy Spirit, prepare yourselves in any case to adversity and constancy. Let us not run away when it is most time to fight. Remember, none shall be crowned but such as fight manfully. . . .

In an era where ancient heresies are rapidly re-emerging in postmodern garb, there is more than ever a need to earnestly contend for the faith. We have a responsibility to future generations, yet the feminized Church is bereft of warriors. Where are the modern-day Augustines and Hoopers and Machens? Their voices are lost at sea, drowned in an ocean of platitudes: "Let's agree to disagree." "Let's be charitable." "Let's not split hairs over doctrine." But now is the time of trial . . . let us not run away when it is most time to fight.




Monday, October 31, 2011

Reformation Day 2011

For our 2011 Reformation Day celebration, we focused on women of the Tudor court who influenced the Reformation. LMH wrote about Queen Anne Boleyn here. SJH wrote about Queen Catherine Parr here. KJH wrote a fictionalized account of the escape of the Duchess of Suffolk from Queen Mary's persecution here. I didn't think ASH would want to write about a girl, so he researched King Edward VI here. MLH (age four) contributed a coloring page here, and I shared my miscellaneous thoughts on Tudor England and the Reformation here.

We also enjoyed a day of games and a supper of Cornish pasties and apple pie.

MLH enjoying a game of croquet.

The kids playing bocce.

Every Step of the Way

by KGH, 8th grade

Catherine Willoughby, the Duchess of Suffolk, was a wealthy and prominent Protestant in Tudor England. She was the patron of John Day, a Protestant publisher. She hired Hugh Latimer, later a martyr, as her chaplain, and she helped to establish “stranger churches” for Protestants who had fled persecution in other countries. Willoughby and her second husband, Richard Bertie, escaped Queen Mary's persecution in 1555. The story below is a fictionalized account of Catherine's escape.



London, England,
January 1st, 1555 

A strange, cold wind rustled the treetops. Clouds dimmed the soft glow of the moonlight. All was quiet, but all was not well. Inside a large stone house, a woman quietly slipped down a long hallway. Her blue eyes glanced from side to side, and the candle she held sent eerie shadows across her face. She came upon my bedroom door, and tapped it ever so quietly. I opened my eyes, and sat up. Who was at my door in the middle of the night? I slipped out of the warm bed and over to the door. I lifted the bar. The woman squeezed her way through the small opening, and quickly shut it. She turned to me and in the dim of the candlelight whispered, “Helen, we must leave. Gather your things, for we are going very soon.”
 
I gasped. “Leave, Mistress Catherine?”  

She placed her finger on my lips. “No one must know,” she whispered, “except the servants who are to go with us.” And with that, she left, clicking the door shut behind her. My heart beat fast. Leaving the country by night? Sneaking out without Queen Mary’s approval? What if we were caught?  
Queen Mary was a devout Catholic. She had been persecuting and killing the Protestants. Recently, Queen Mary had threatened the Duchess of Suffolk. Richard Bertie, the Duchess's husband, left the country immediately, and from what I was now finding out, had made plans for his wife and precious daughter to escape in the middle of the night.

Another soft rap on the door interrupted my thoughts. I hurried and opened it. Edith, the young, quiet kitchen maid stood there, a bundle of clothes in her arms.

“Mistress Catherine says to hurry and meet her by the back entrance,” she whispered, hurrying away. I quickly got dressed in my long brown dress, typical attire of a lady-in-waiting. I pulled my long, light brown hair into a bun and grabbed my clothes. I stuffed them into a valise and headed out the door. The house was very quiet. I hastened down a long corridor and down some steps. I turned the corner and almost ran into Agnes, the laundress. She scrambled with the load of clothes she carried. Her dark brown hair fell in her face.

“We must hurry!” she cried. We ran down a hallway, lined with columns. Giant portraits of people hung on the dark walls. Their eyes stared blankly ahead, sending terrifying chills down my spine. Why did houses have to be so creepy at night?

We reached a small foyer with a door, where Mistress Catherine waited. She held little Susan, who was fast asleep.

“Hugh and Samuel are waiting by the stables,” she whispered, referring to the joiner and stable keeper. Edith stood by Catherine, holding a bottle of milk for little Susan. Catherine slowly opened the door. The cold night air filled my lungs. She looked both ways and then motioned us to follow her. We tiptoed across the lawn and then dashed behind a little shed. Heavy footsteps echoed through the night - the night guards! They paced outside the tall, black, iron fence, watching and waiting. We crouched down low. Agnes knelt beside me, and I could feel her hands trembling. I eyed Catherine. She looked this way and that, seeing if the path was clear. She waved her hand, telling us to stay behind the shed. She raced across the yard, and behind a huge tree. Waiting until the guard had gone the other way, she dashed to the side gate and unlatched it. It creaked open, breaking the silenced night. I nervously watched the guards. They had heard the noise and were looking frantically around.

“What was that?” one guard asked.

“I’m sure it was nothing,” a bigger guard replied. I looked across the pitch-black yard. I could see Catherine’s faint outline as she entered the stable. I turned to the other girls.

“Come on,” I whispered. We hurried across, through the gate, and safely into the stable.

Catherine was kneeling behind a hay barrel with Hugh and Samuel.

“Samuel, carry my valise,” she ordered. The small stable keeper took her bag and laid it beside him.

“Agnes, up in the loft I’ve hidden an oil lamp. Would you hurry and get it?” Catherine asked. Agnes nodded her head and climbed the ladder.

“Listen carefully,” she whispered, looking at each of us. “I plan to-“ her quiet voice was interrupted by a loud crash. Glass showered down on us. Edith’s hand flew to her mouth to prevent a scream. Catherine looked up. Up in the loft, Agnes gasped. She had dropped the oil lamp. She opened her mouth to say something, when two voices rang out.

***

“Sounded like it came from the stable,” a guard said. Catherine scrambled behind a large hay barrel, rocking little Susan to keep her quiet. Edith and I bounded up the ladder and into the loft with Agnes. I saw Hugh and Samuel get into a horse stall just as the door burst open. Two guards entered. The bigger one held a bright torch.

“I don’t think anybody’s in here, Atkinson,” the smaller one complained. Atkinson squinted his dark, hazel eyes.

“I heard a noise,” he grunted. They looked around, tossing hay barrels out of their way. I hoped they wouldn’t find Catherine.

“Come on, let’s get back to our post,” the small one said. Atkinson finally agreed and they strode out the door. None of us came out until we were sure they wouldn’t come back. Edith, Agnes, and I came down the ladder and found Catherine. Her face was ashen with fear. Her hands trembled. She stood up and went over to the boys.

***

“Hugh, Samuel, go to Lyon Quay immediately,” she whispered, referring to the harbor in London. “You are to meet the boat there. Head to the Netherlands and meet Richard. The girls and I will go a different direction.” Her voice shook with fear. Hugh and Samuel raced out a back entrance and into the blackness of the night.

“Come on,” she whispered. We followed her out the door. She ran to the front of the house and onto the street. We stopped and looked down below. Tears filled my eyes. The dark figures of London reached out and touched the starlit sky. Catherine gave a weary sigh. We all knew there was a difficult journey ahead of us. But we also knew that God would take care of us. Catherine took a deep breath and walked down the dusty road. We followed, looking up into the beautiful night sky.

Dressed in merchant’s wife’s clothing that Agnes had brought along, we made our way through the streets of London. Rats scampered past us. It smelled awful. Catherine had no idea where Lyon Quay was, so we wondered in circles. The light of daybreak began to shine. We were tired, weary, and hungry. Little Susan cried.

“Edith, do you have the bottle of milk?” Catherine asked. Edith’s eyes grew big.

“No, maam. I think I left it in the stable!” she cried.

“Oh, no! And I left the valise, too!” Catherine exclaimed. She looked at Susan. Susan whined and cried.

“We need to find something to eat,” she said. “And now that we’ve left those things behind, they will surely find out that we’ve escaped,” she said.

“Should we hurry and find Lyon Quay, then?” Agnes asked.

“Yes, but let’s find some food first,” she replied. My stomach growled at the mention of food. I hoped we could find someone who would give us something. Catherine was a wealthy person, but she was not able to take much money with her.

It was now full morning, and the streets were crowded with people, young, and old. A boy and his dog played with sticks, and peddler woman sold flowers. Catherine pushed her way through. We came across a little bakery. The smell of freshly baked bread filled the interior and spilled out the front door. I so badly wanted some of it, but Catherine didn’t have enough money. She was able to buy a bottle of milk for Susan, however, from a lady in the street. We wandered on, not knowing whether we were going in the right direction.

“Miss Catherine?” Agnes asked.

“Yes?”

“May we take a rest?” Agnes puffed. Her shoulders sagged from the bundles on her back. Catherine looked around.

“We can sit there,” she replied, pointing to a small bench. Catherine sat down, and I sat at her feet. It felt wonderful to sit after wandering all morning. We had been walking all over London, and we still hadn’t found Lyon Quay.

“We'd better get going.” Catherine stood up. I sighed. Already? Catherine always wanted to be on the move. I didn’t blame her though. I would, too, if I were being hunted down.

We followed closely behind her as she made her way through the crowd of people. We had almost reached the end of the street when Catherine bumped a lady carrying a sack of bread.

“Oh! I’m so sorry,” Catherine apologized. The woman said nothing but stared at Catherine’s old and worn clothing. Her soft, blue eyes looked compassionately at little Susan.

“That’s all right,” she said. She reached into her bag and pulled out two loaves of bread.

“Please take this. You need it more than I do,” she whispered, placing the bread in Catherine’s hands.

“Oh, no. We could never take it,” she said, trying to give it back.
 
“Nonsense. I have plenty of food at home. Take it, please,” she said. Catherine’s eyes filled with tears.

“Oh, bless you Madame! Bless you!”

“You are very welcome.” The woman placed her hands on Catherine’s shoulder.

“Do you have a place to stay?” she asked.

“I’m on my way to Lyon Quay, but I’m not exactly sure where it is,” Catherine sighed.

“It’s that way. Head straight, and you’ll eventually meet up with it,” she replied.

“Thank you so much,” Catherine said, squeezing the woman’s hand. We rushed away, heading toward the wharf. 

***

“You found these things where?”

“In the stable,” Atkinson replied to the head of the Privy Council. “This bottle of milk and this valise are sheer evidence that Duchess Catherine has escaped,” he said.

“Issue a warrant for Catherine’s arrest, and tell everyone to be on the lookout for her,” a man said.

“She shouldn’t be too hard to find. She has a baby and five servants with her,” another said. The leader rubbed his chin. He looked around.

“All right,” he said, nodding his head. “Issue a warrant immediately. I want her found and delivered to her Majesty at once!”




***


The seagulls shrieked. The waves crashed against the dock. The bells tolled. A cold wind whipped my hair. I rocked little Susan, as she laughed playfully at the birds flying overhead. We had finally reached Lyon Quay. I looked over where Catherine was talking to the owner of a barge, trying to get him to take us to Leigh, a small town at the mouth of the Thames River.

“It’s not that far,” I could hear her say.

“But it’s so foggy,” the man said. “And that’s not enough money.”

“Will you take this instead of more money?” Catherine reached and unclasped a gold chain that hung around her neck.

“Oh no, not your necklace!” I rushed over to her.

“Helen, I must,” she said, dropping it in the man’s rough hands.

“But it was your mother’s,” I sighed.

“I know. But we must get to Leigh,” she said, taking Susan from my arms.

We walked cautiously aboard the barge. There were boxes, and bags, and crates. Large pieces of furniture sat tied to the floor of the flat boat. We zigzagged around the huge load cargo and into the tiny cabin. Agnes plopped down on the floor, exhausted. Edith took Susan, while Catherine rested on the cot. The boat started to move, and I laid down on a soft blanket on the floor. I took my bag, and out of it, I pulled my diary. It was small and red. Inside the booklet, the pages were crinkled and torn. I didn’t mind. I took a small ink pen from the desk in the room and began to write.
January 1st, 1555
Dearest diary,
I am writing here on a barge. You might be wondering what I am doing on such a boat. Catherine is escaping from England, and I am going with her. It’s been a frightening experience so far. We barely made it out of her house without the guards spotting us. Then, we wandered around London for a whole day, without any food. A kind lady gave us some bread, however, and I’m quite full. Right now, we are on the Thames River, heading towards Leigh. I’m very tired, so I guess I should stop writing. Hopefully I can get in some sleep before we reach the small town.


I put the pen down and closed my diary. I looked around. Catherine slept, and Edith gently sang to Susan. Agnes was at Edith’s feet, slowly drifting off as she sang the lullaby. I laid down on my blanket. I listened as Edith’s sweet voice carried throughout the room. My eyelids grew heavy, and soon, I was fast asleep.

“Helen, wake up! Helen!” I opened my eyes. Edith was in my face.

“We’re here! We’re at Leigh!” she exclaimed. I sat up. Catherine was gathering her blankets, and Agnes held Susan. 

“Oh!” I stood up. We followed Catherine out the cabin door and across the long, flat boat. She thanked the man who owned the barge, and we disembarked. We walked down the dock and onto the street. When we reached the center of town, we realized how much smaller Leigh was than London. A few people strolled down the cobblestone street, unlike the large crowds in London. Catherine spotted a sign that read: 



Blackstone Inn 
Rooms and food


We walked in and an older gentleman greeted us.

“Welcome to Blackstone Inn,” he smiled. Catherine handed him the last of our money.

“I’d like a room please,” she said. The man led us up a stairwell and down a hallway. He stopped at a door, and gave us the key.

“Here’s your room,” he said. Agnes opened the door and we walked in. It was tiny, but cozy. There was a large bed and a window that looked out into the street.

“Oh, how pretty!” Edith exclaimed.

“Yes,” Catherine agreed. She took off her blue cloak and laid it on the bed.

“Helen, would you run downstairs and ask the man if he has any milk for Susan?” Catherine asked. I nodded my head and walked out the door. The stairs creaked loudly as I walked down. When I reached the bottom, I stopped. The owner was whispering to another man.

“Did you hear about the Duchess of Suffolk? She and some of her servants escaped yesterday,” the innkeeper said. The other man let out a low whistle.

“She could be anywhere,” he said. My heart pounded in my chest. They had already heard about Catherine! I turned and bounded up the steps. They creaked loudly.

“Who’s there?” the innkeeper yelled. I kept on running. I raced down the hall and into our room.

“Helen! What’s the matter?” Agnes asked.

“They know about the escape! News has already traveled this far!” I cried. Catherine’s eyes grew big.

“We need to leave,” she exclaimed, grabbing Susan. “And fast.” Edith slowly opened the door. I hoped the innkeeper hadn’t followed me up here.

“I wonder if there are any other exits,” Catherine whispered. We slowly made our way down the hall. Downstairs, I could hear voices. We could never get out that way!

“Maybe there’s a back staircase,” I suggested.

“Good idea,” Catherine said. We went past our door and down to the end of the hallway. A small door led down the kitchen staircase. We opened it and heard the busy cooks talking and laughing.

“How will we get past them?” Agnes asked. Catherine took a deep breath.

“One at a time,” she whispered. So, one by one, we sneaked past the busy cooks and out the back door.

***

The fat innkeeper raced up the stairs. He reached their door and banged upon it with all his might. He twisted the knob, and the door flew open. They were gone. He gasped.

“Mathias! Mathias!” he went running down the stairs. The younger man rushed up to him.

“What is it?” he asked.

“It is her! She has escaped!” the innkeeper cried. They ran out the front door. But Catherine and her loyal servants were nowhere in sight.

***

“Maybe we can board this one,” Catherine puffed, pointing to the large, wooden ship.

“How will we? You gave the innkeeper the last of the money,” I said. Catherine sighed.

“I know, but maybe they will take something else. We must try,” she said. Something else? Like what? The only valuable possession Catherine had brought with her was her necklace, and it was probably around the neck of the barge owner’s wife by now.

Catherine walked up to the ship’s captain. I watched her argue with him. He looked down at her clothing. He nodded his head and strolled away. Catherine eagerly joined us.

“He says since I am a merchant’s wife, he will take me,” she smiled. Her disguise was working!

We followed her up the plank and down into the hold. It was very dark. It was cold. And it smelled awful. The place was small, and I squeezed up against Edith. Cold air seeped through the walls. The boat jerked, and we were on our way. 

***

I barely heard the frightened cries of little Susan. A strong, fierce wind pounded on the sides of the boat. Rain came down in torrents, making water drip into the damp hold. I could hear the cries and yells of the sailors overhead. My heart pounded. What would happen to us? Would the boat sink? Would we drown? I looked frantically at Catherine. She rocked Susan and quietly sang a song. How could she be so calm? I sank back against the wall. Catherine had faith; that’s why. She was trusting in God. I took a deep breath.




Yea though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil: for thou art with me; thy rod and thy staff they comfort me. Psalm 23: 4


A wave of assurance swept over me. God is here, watching over us. I was able to lay down and close my weary eyes.

***

I woke up the next morning and looked around. Catherine, Edith and Agnes were gone. I walked sleepily out on the deck. I gasped. We weren’t in the Netherlands at all! We were back on the tiny Leigh dock where we started. Catherine was talking to the captain. I pulled Edith aside.

“What has happened?” I asked.

“The winds drove us back,” she sighed. “We’re going to try and sail again this afternoon. Catherine is not very happy.” I didn’t blame her. Someone could spot us. Catherine finished talking to the captain and joined our group.

“Captain Miller says we will sail in an hour. Helen, run to shore and get some provisions.”

“With what?” I asked. Catherine handed me some money.

“This is from the captain,” she said. “Buy food for us, the captain, and the crew. Understood?” I nodded my head and raced down the gangplank. I had barely made it off the harbor when someone grabbed my shoulder. I screamed.

“Who’s on that boat?” a rough voice asked. I turned. Two men stood in front of me.

“Why?” I asked. “What is it to you?” My heart pounded.

“We’re looking for a woman named Catherine Bertie. Know her?” the other asked.

“No. That lady is a merchant’s wife,” I said.

“Oh, really. A merchant’s wife with three servants?” I gulped.

“Well-I-she-“ I stuttered.

“Yes?” the rough one asked.

“We’re just traveling with her,” I said. “Besides, do you think this ‘Catherine’ would travel in broad daylight? Men, I think you’re wasting your time,” I said, walking away. I could feel them staring me down as I walked on. I rounded the corner and let out a sigh. That was too close for comfort.

Exactly an hour later, we sailed for the Netherlands. It was a beautiful day for sailing. The wind blew my hair. The sun shined down. We made good time and reached the Netherlands before the sunset. We dressed in Dutch clothes, so as not to be noticed. We got off the large ship and headed into town. Richard was residing at a nearby inn. We went inside and found his room. Catherine knocked quietly. The door opened an inch, then all the way.

“Catherine!” Richard exclaimed, pulling us inside. “You’re here!” They embraced, and Richard took Susan from my hands. He kissed her soft cheek. Catherine filled him in on everything that had happened - from the escape to the men who questioned me at Leigh.

“Where to now?” Catherine asked her husband. I could tell she was glad to have him in charge now.

“Santon,” he replied. “It’s in the province of Cleveland. We’ll leave as soon as you’re up to it.”

“Let’s leave soon,” she said. So later that day, Catherine, Richard, the girls and I, and Hugh and Samuel set out for Santon. It would take a long time to walk to Santon. Richard had some money, so we bought provisions and started the long journey.

By the time we had almost reached Santon, it had been two, long weeks. The town was seen faintly below from the road we were walking on. It was getting dark, so we set up camp like we did every night. Richard built a fire, and we made supper. It was dark now, and the only light we had was the glow of the sparking fire.

“Helen? Would you please get some water from the stream at the bottom of the hill?” Catherine asked. I picked up the bucket and started down the pitch-black hill. I could hear the rippling stream nearby. Suddenly, my foot caught on something and I tumbled. Pain shot up my leg. I rolled down and down, gaining speed every second. I screamed and landed with a flop at the bottom of the hill. I lay there, stunned. Catherine and Richard came running down.

“Oh, Helen, are you all right?” Catherine panted, kneeling beside me. I could feel blood on my right leg. It ached terribly.

“Let’s bring her up by the fire so we can see,” Richard said, picking me up. They climbed the hill and sat me down by the warm fire.

“That’s a nasty cut,” Richard said.

“What happened, Helen?” Catherine asked.

“I think I tripped on some briars,” I replied. Catherine carefully went to the stream and got some water with the bucket I had dropped. Richard made a makeshift bandage out of his handkerchief.

“There, that ought to hold,” he said. It stung badly.

“She’s right,” Catherine said, coming up the hill. “There are some clumps of thorns and briars down here.”

That night, I didn’t get much sleep. It was very cold. My leg hurt, and I was very hungry.

We got up early the next day and headed down the road to Santon. I hobbled along, half leaning on Edith’s shoulder. We reached Santon shortly, and Richard led us to an inn. With some of his money, he rented three small rooms. We stayed in the city more than two weeks.

Richard still didn’t feel very comfortable in the town. One day, he said, “I’ve learned about a free city nearby named Wesel. Some French-speaking people have gathered there to escape religious persecution,” he said.

“Are you saying we should leave?” Catherine asked.

“Yes. I have the feeling we are being watched here in Santon,” he said.

“How will get there?” Catherine asked.

“We’ll walk. But I think it would be best if we take only two servants with us,” he said.

“You’re right. It would look strange to see so many people leaving. We will take Helen and Edith,” Catherine suggested.

“All right. Hugh, Samuel, and Agnes can stay here. We will sneak out,” he said.

So that afternoon, we took a pleasant walk outside of town. This was merely a ruse, however. In reality, we were leaving Santon and heading towards Wesel. A mile outside of Santon, a rain began to fall. It wasn’t an ordinary rain, but a cold, freezing rain. It was now February, and there was ice and snow on the ground. The rain started to thaw the ice on the road, making it very difficult to travel. I remember slipping many times, and getting back up, only to fall again. It was hard to see ahead of us because the rain came down in sheets. Richard walked in front, carrying Susan. Catherine walked beside him, wearing his cloak and carrying his sword. We walked on and on, soaked to the bones. The rain continued to fall. For four, tiring hours we walked, stopping only a few times to rest. It was 6:00, when we finally reached Wesel. I was so eager to finally be able to go inside a warm, dry building. But, I would have to wait. No inn would accept us. We knocked on dozens of doors, but since we were foreigners, no one wanted us. In desperation, Richard found an enclosed porch on the side of a church. He planned for us to spend the night there. Nearby, a man ran down the darkened street, trying to reach shelter from the rain. Richard stopped him.

“Sir, do you know somewhere we could stay?” he asked. The man looked at him funny, and said something in a foreign language. Then, he left.

“I wonder what he said,” Richard sighed. “I think it was Dutch.”

Susan wailed with cold and hunger. I tried to calm her. Catherine wept. Richard led us to the porch and we spread some blankets around.

“I’ll see if I can buy some coals for a fire and hay to make things a little more comfortable,” he said. And he vanished into the cold, dark street. I pulled a blanket around Susan and me. I tried to warm her little frozen hands and feet. Her blue eyes looked pleadingly at me. I kissed her cold cheek and rocked her. I tried to sing the lullaby she loved so much. The music sent soft echoes into the stillness of the night.

Richard ran through the streets trying to find a store that was open. It was dark, and he saw no one. Suddenly, he saw two boys hurrying along. They chattered to each other. His heart leaped. They were talking in Latin! He knew Latin. Richard called out to them.

“Aliquam erat! Hello there!” he cried. The boys turned to look at him.

“Are there any French-speaking people around here?” Richard asked in Latin. One boy answered back.

“Yes,” he said. “Do you wish us to take you there?” he asked. Richard told them yes, and that he would go get his wife. He ran back to the porch and told Catherine.

“Oh, how wonderful!” she exclaimed. We gathered our things, and followed Richard to where the young boys waited. The boys led us through the dark streets and to a quiet little neighborhood. There was a wide street and houses with white fences lining it. They led us to a house where a candle was lit in the window. The moonlight shined down as we made our way to the door. The boys left, and Richard knocked. I waited anxiously for someone to open the door. Suddenly, we heard footsteps. The latch was unlocked, and the door opened. An older man stood there. He gasped.

“Catherine Bertie! Richard!” he cried. Tears spilled down his face as he saw their pitiful condition.

“Francis Persusell! Oh, it’s so nice to see you!” Catherine exclaimed, as he let them in. Francis was an English minister that Catherine and Richard had known a long time ago.

Francis led them into the living room. It was a cozy room, with a bright fire, and a bench.

“Please, sit down,” he said. “I insist you stay the night here. Tomorrow, I can arrange for a house for you to live in,” he said. Francis brought in some warm food and milk.

“Thank you so much, Francis,” Catherine said.

Later that night, Catherine and Richard sat and talked to Francis and his wife, Ellen. Edith and I sat by the crackling fire. It was so warm, and it was so nice to be in a comfy home, instead of a cold porch. I pulled out my little red diary and began to write.

February 3, 1555
Dearest diary,
I’m in a house, dry and warm. My hunger has been satisfied. Francis Persusell welcomed us into his house tonight. He is an old friend of Catherine and Richard. God has been extremely gracious to us on our journey. If we ever needed anything, He always supplied it. We’ve been through much - a frightening escape, hunger, cold and storms. But he cared for us through it all. I know not what lies ahead, but I do know one thing. He will be there, guiding us every step of the way.

 



Anne Boleyn - Coloring

by MLH, age 4

You can download this coloring page from http://www.activityvillage.co.uk/anne_boleyn_printables.htm